Eat to Live Long and Well
Master the Essential Fats

by Edward Siguel, MD, PhD

DRAFT OUTLINE


Each chapter starts with a comprehensive summary and contains its own set of endnotes. The chapters start with simple concepts, and may contain more advanced concepts for professionals. There is a comprehensive set of "appendices" which contain a wide range of material, including slides for use by nutritionists. This material is also linked to the appropriate chapter. Case histories illustrate the diagnosis and treatment of patients with various health problems.


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Table of Contents

List of Figures, Graphics and Diagrams within text

List of Tables

Acknowledgments, Disclaimer

Foreword

Preface

Introduction

Summaries of key topics

How to use this book

Part I: Nutrients, the building blocks of life

I.1 DIET AND NUTRITION

Your body is made from the foods you eat.

The basic nutrients

Calories

Excess protein or carbohydrate equals excess fat

RDA = Recommended Daily Allowance

Regulation and equilibrium

Nutrition vs. diet vs. food

Nutritional Status

What constitutes optimal nutrition?

How to determine what your body needs

The body as a "machine"

Cells and enzymes

How nutrients are used

What keeps a cell alive

Good health

Disease

A balanced diet: The key to a healthy body

Nutrients, nutrient needs and interrelations

Exceptions: When you are sick

You can prevent most chronic health conditions

Prevalence of chronic conditions

How long can you live?

I.2 FAT: SATURATED, MONOUNSATURATED, AND POLYUNSATURATED

Lipids, liquid and hard fat

Saturated fatty acids (SFA)

Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

Essential (EFAs) vs. non essential fatty acids

Isomers and trans fatty acids(TFAs)

Popular misconceptions

Body Fat

Other types of fats and lipids

I.3 ESSENTIAL FATS

Families of fats

Essential Fats: The omega-3 and omega-6 families

Precursors and Derivatives

The omega-(3) family: Sources = vegetables, fish, and oils, eggs

The omega-(6) family: Sources = vegetables, cattle, poultry, eggs

People should eat more essential fats

The need for precursors and derivatives

Some people need fish oils

Diagnosis of EFA abnormalities aids in the prevention and treatment of illness

Diagnosis of abnormalities. Diagrams indicating body organs affects by 3, 6.

Consequences of 6 deficiency

Consequences of 3 deficiency

Treatment & management of EFA abnormalities

Isomers and trans fatty acids(TFAs)

Popular misconceptions

Do not confuse EFAs with Essential Oils

Differences with other authors

For health professionals

Description and Names; Biochemical characteristics

Functions

Diagnosis of EFA abnormalities aids in the prevention and treatment of illness

Treatment & management of EFA abnormalities

Technical issues on fatty acids

Miscellaneous issues in 3 and 6

I.4 CARBOHYDRATES

We need a minimum of 3 ounces per day

Natural complex carbohydrates contain many nutrients

Processed vs. unprocessed carbohydrates

Extra carbohydrates are stored as fat; they do not burn fat

Why current recommendations are misguided

For health professionals

I.5 PROTEINS

What the body does with protein

Proteins contain amino acids

The best types of protein: Getting your money's worth

How much do you really need?

People on low calorie diets may not get enough protein

Recent research to increase requirements for protein.

Extra proteins are stored as fat; they do not burn fat

For health professionals

I.6 VITAMINS AND MINERALS

What are vitamins and minerals

USDA recommendations.

Most people may be eating the wrong mixtures of vitamins and minerals

Most likely deficiencies, effects

Practical guidelines

Vitamins structure, function: Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Aluminum (Al), Calcium (Ca), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Fluorine (Fl), Iodine (I), Potassium (K), Manganese (Mn), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Phosphorus (P), Selenium (Se), Zinc (Zn).

Toxic minerals. Al, Boron, Lead.

I.7 FIBER, WATER, OTHER NUTRIENTS

Whole Foods

Fiber or roughage

Fiber gives a feeling of "fullness"

Some fibers prevent constipation; others lower cholesterol

Too much fiber can interfere with mineral absorption

Water

We are mostly made of water

Other nutrients

Lecithin and choline

Phytochemicals

Carnitine

Salt

Caffeine

I.8 CHOLESTEROL

We need cholesterol; only in combination with excess saturated fat in the body does it become dangerous.

Most people eat too many calories, which are converted to hard saturated fat

High cholesterol and high blood pressure are not diseases: They are indicators of health status

It is the type of fat and total calories you eat that matters, not just cholesterol or saturated fat

Some animal fat is high in cholesterol and low in PUFA

Not all animal fat is bad

Why lower cholesterol; "Good" vs. "Bad" cholesterol

Normal And Abnormal Cholesterol Levels

"Normal" means "average" in medicine

You want a healthy, not average, cholesterol level

Part II. EAT FOR A HEALTHY LIFE

II.1 HOW TO EVALUATE A DIET

Which diets to select and why

The problem with most diets

Most common diets produce only mild improvements

Corrections for a lifetime of poor eating habits

A balanced diet: The key to a healthy body

Two critical aspects to consider when planning your diet: total calories and calories from PUFAs

USDA Food Pyramid

Dr. Siguel's Natural Food Pyramid.

Discussion of other food pyramids

II.2 CURRENT AMERICAN DIET AND LIFESTYLE

Typical diet in America and many parts of the world

What is wrong with our usual diet

Where do you stand?

What you can do

Hints to eat better

Easily lose 25 pounds and 50 units of cholesterol

II.3 GUIDE TO PREVENTING DISEASE: HEALTHY ETING AND LIFESTYLE

The basic meal, Guidelines

Plan your meals using foods, not nutrients

The basic food groups

Vegetables

Fruits

Protein: Fish, Poultry, Pork, Cattle

Tofu and soy products; legumes, seeds, nuts

Cereals, grains breads, and pasta

Dairy

Alcohol and trans or processed fats

Prevention vs. Treatment

II.4 ESSENTIAL FATS FOR BETTER HEALTH

The approach of this book

The role of the essential fats and natural, raw foods

Eat more essential fats

How essential fats have evolved in treatment

Precursor (parent) or EFAs; Derivatives (daughter) of EFAs

Prevention vs. Treatment

Improve skin texture and look younger

Improve alertness

Reduce decline in brain function often associated with aging

II.5 WEIGHT LOSS

What is overweight? How to make a diet work

Steps to follow. Other hints to change your eating habits

The secret to weight loss: scientific basis

Lose fat, not water or protein

Losing weight means eating better foods

Typical plan (weight loss)

Foods to eat: low calorie, high volume, high fiber

The Boston Egg White Diet: A diet for weight loss

Example of a typical day

Exercise: plan for losing weight, how to incorporate in lifestyle

Are low fat diets dangerous for you?

Do you have enough EFAs in your body?

Are you eating foods without EFAs?

VLCD: Very low calorie diets

The future of overweight and obesity

Is there hope in the new fats and fat substitutes?

Eating more carbohydrates does not help you burn more fat

EFAs do not make you burn more fat but can make you less hungry

II.6 TYPES OF DIETS: RECOMENDATIONS FROM GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCIES

The American Heart Association diet (AHA)

The Living Foods Diet

The New American Diet

The Pritikin Program of Diet and Exercise

The Scarsdale Diet

The Setpoint Diet

The US Department of Agriculture recommendations for a "healthy diet"

Weight Watchers (WW)

Vegetarian Diets; Macrobiotic Diets Dean Ornish Program

Barry Sears' The Zone Four blood types Diet

Part III: laboratory tests

III.1 COOMON BLOOD TESTS

Why you need to know about blood tests; The use of tests

No one can have all tests done

Blood tests: general indications

Other Nutritional tests

III.2 TESTS FOR FAT, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Lipoproteins are blood vehicles that carry fat

Increased HDL particles suggest low risk of heart disease

Cardiovascular disease and hardening of the arteries

Cholesterol tests; High cholesterol is a sign, not a disease

Total Cholesterol; HDL Cholesterol; LDL cholesterol.

Total Cholesterol divided by HDL cholesterol; the risk of Coronary Artery Disease and

Triglycerides

Coagulation tests (tests for clots)

A long bleeding time may help people with hardening of the arteries.

A very long bleeding time can give you anemia

Platelet Aggregation

Apoproteins

Homocysteine, C-reactive protein, other indicators.

The fatty acid profile EFA-SR

Assessing the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD)

III.3 MORE TESTS

PSA testing

Vitamin and mineral testing

Part IV. Diets for Disease and other special cases

IV.1 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Aspects of cardiovascular disease

Atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis and thrombosis

Heart attack or myocardial infarction

Heart disease, MI, Coronary Artery Disease (from other sections)

Hypertension

How to lower blood pressure with mixtures of oils rich in w6 fatty acids;

Stroke

How to prevent the cardiovascular and eye complications of diabetes

Combined Effects

Warning signs of heart disease or stroke

Poor circulation, obstructed arteries

How to open blocked arteries using special oils; how to prevent undesirable clots from obstructing an artery by taking selected oils rich in 3 fatty acids.

Claudication, cold extremities

Severe Heart disease; bypass surgery

Technical notes

IV.2 RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Physicians and dentists have heart disease and high cholesterol

Smoking; High blood pressure (Hypertension)

Elevated cholesterol/ HDL cholesterol

High glucose levels and Diabetes; Overweight

Stress; Alcohol; Genetics (family factors)

A man with heart disease

Factors that increased and decreased his risk of cardiovascular disease

Are you addicted to food, or to anything else?

You are never too old or too sick to improve your health

IV.3 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE = LONG LIFE

How you can improve your health

A basic prevention program

Exercise maintains your muscle tone and weight

Exercise and nutritional status

IV.4 LIFESTYLE FOR A HEALTHY HEART

Treatment Objectives

Open blocked arteries

Make your blood less likely to form clots

Lower blood pressure

Reduce your blood fat

Soften your vessels and normalize blood pressure

Normalize blood sugar (glucose)

Create healthy blood cells

Improve organ function

Fats that reduce heart hyperactivity, arrhythmia.

Symptoms vs. Disease; Drugs vs. Nutrition

Case studies: The care of two patients with signs of heart disease

IV.5 HOW TO USE OILS AND FATS

How to use oils

Fatty acid composition of common foods

Essential fat content of common fats and oils

General comments about oil use

Oil Effects: what EFAs do

When to use fish and vegetable oils

Fish versus Fish Oils; Desirable effects

Why fish oils instead of fish;

Types of fish oils

Purchasing fish oil

Evening Primrose

Borage. etc.

Case reports from doctors who used EFAs

IV.6 EAT ESSENTIAL FATS TO LIVE LONG AND WELL

Basic diet

General rules about fatty acid treatment

How much oil should you take? What type of diet should you follow?

General steps to correct EFA abnormalities

Less oil with bleeding, more with narrow vessels

3 vs. 6: General guidelines

Other conditions that respond to fatty acid mixtures

How to lower trans fatty acid (TFAs) levels

"Putting it all together" Case histories.

IV.7 THE BRAIN REVOLUTION

Mental Health

Attention Deficit Disorder

Anxiety

Depression

Eating Disorders: Anorexia, Bulimia, Binge Eating

Insomnia

Neurological Disorders

Alzheimer's Disease

Epilepsy, new topic. Fats that reduce brain hyperactivity.

Huntington's Disease

Parkinson's Disease

Schizophrenia

Foods to eat and foods to avoid to reduce the damage caused by chronic neurological disorders

IV.8 DIETS FOR SPECIFIC DISEASES

General principles

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and related disorders

Allergies and Asthma;

Anemia, bleeding,

Arthritis

Burns

Cancer

Chronic disease

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Diabetes

A diabetic patient with high cholesterol

Digestive diseases

Disease (in general, being ill)

Gallstones

Heartburn

Herpes. Drugs reduce virus' ability to reproduce. Optimal nutrition kills the virus.

Immune Disorders

Infection and AIDS

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis): nutrition therapy

Diarrhea; Inflammation; Obstruction; Malabsorption

Malnutrition; Treatment of Crohn's disease

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Kidney Disease

Lactose Intolerance

Muscular and neuromuscular Disorders

Causes of muscle weakness. Use of carnitine, other substances.

Osteoporosis. Calcium needs of men and women.

Short bowel syndrome;

Sickle Cell anemia

Vision, eye and EFs. Glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, vision loss, retinopathy.

Case studies

Cystic Fibrosis and Crohn's disease with EFA Deficiency

Skin Disorders: Acne, Dry and itchy skin, Dandruff

How to improve skin texture and look younger using topical creams and eating a diet that contains the fats that soften the skin;

IV.9 MEN'S ISSUES

Prostate cancer. Interpreting PSA tests. Diagnosing cancer, monitoring progress

Foods that reduce cancer cell growth

Nutrients that make cancer cells more susceptible to destruction.

A man with prostate cancer and heart disease.

Fertility and sexual function

IV.10 WOMEN'S ISSUES

Cosmetics

Self Esteem and Body Image

Love and nutrition

Menstruation

Pregnancy and Lactation

Steps to prevent pre-eclampsia and the birth of a child either far below or far above ideal weight

What a mother should eat to ensure that her unborn child will develop a great brain

Newborns, infants and very young children

Breast Cancer

Urinary Tract Infections

Steps every woman should consider to prevent heart disease

Woman with Paget's

IV.11 AGE, GENES, ACTIVITY, and CLIMATE

Children and young adolescents

Adults

Middle age

The elderly

Your ancestry or genes

Physical Activity = athletes. Special nutritional needs.

Your environment: cold or warm climate

How to live longer

Longevity Plan (The Anti-aging Formula)

IV.12 DYSLIPIDEMIA AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA TREATMENT

General approach. Dramatic discoveries of the biochemical factors in abnormal lipids.

High triglycerides

High Total/HDL cholesterol

My classmate in medical school

Coronary Artery Disease with hyperlipidemia and high trans plasma levels

Genetic dyslipidemias

Revolutionary new diagnostic and treatment approaches.

A heart-disease patient on a low fat diet

Part V. FOODS, Shopping

V.1 FOOD ISSUES

Nutrition for Pets

Additives

"Low fat" foods

Fat replacements

How to reduce the fat content of foods. Recipes.

V.2 SHOPPING FOR THE RIGHT FOODS

Reading food labels

Where to buy fatty acid related products

How to prepare meals using oils

You can make your own mayonnaise

Appendix

A) Tables of Fatty Acids

B) Metabolic pathways and trans fatty acids : New enzymes. Eicosanoids, separate diagram for them. Leukotrienes, find more about them.

C) diagrams, BMI

D) NIH Cholesterol recommendations,

E) Siguel's Food Pyramid, USDA Food pyramid.

F) IQ tests on various topics: physical activity, asthma, blood pressure, digestion, food, heart, triglycerides.

G) The EFA-SR blood test: why is it unique? Patents. Sample results. Order forms. Interpretation.

H) Tables with sample patient test results

I) How to talk to your doctor: prototype letters.

J) Siguel's articles in scientific journals. Press releases

K) Nutrition resources

L) Healthy recipes

M) Drug side effects

N) Addictions

O) Directory of Company Pages, describing specific foods and companies.

GLOSSARY

INDEX

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© 1998 Edward N. Siguel. All rights reserved

modified 9/1/98